For today's lesson, we first did a recap on the Scientific Inquiry Method where we went through the process of it once again. It starts from stating a problem, followed by asking a question, conducting research (primary level - involve parents to guide their child like serving the internet to find information, a project based assignment for students of primary level),making a hypothesis, carrying out the experiment, collecting data and results, analyzing data and finally making a conclusion with explanation.
We then moved on to the subject for today where we learnt about describing the blurring of the internal and external distinction. From here, I understood that the distinguishing of the internal and external features was only a suggestion. It was divided into two categories in order to evaluate a theory better. Information was obtained by the theory themselves, from other theories (auxiliary theory) and also from the information of the world. Therefore, justification of a theory is a combination of theory-to-theory relation (entrenchment, explanatory cooperation) and theory-to-world relation. I have also learnt that an initial hypothesis can be accepted or rejected depending on the evidence. If the evidence supports the hypothesis then only the hypothesis is accepted and vice versa. Therefore, it is clear that the validity of the hypothesis depends on the evidence acceptance.
If we look at external features only then a theory is considered as invalid. Therefore, we have to look at both internal and external virtues. Each element that is tested externally in an experiment has to have an observational evidence (a concrete evidence). It shows a comparison between hypothesis and other conceptually influenced beliefs. Beliefs are mere statements which are guesses that may not be true. These beliefs are caused by influences from the environment, but they are described and justified under the influence of other beliefs, which are assertive claims within our awareness.
We were then asked to read the Predicament from the Book of Nature and summarize the following in groups, which are in the padlet link below. There is a gap between a theory and evidence. Observations made can be accepted or rejected. When we compare theory with theory, there will be a new theory coming up which can create complications. If we do not compare our theory made with the entrenched theory or the information from the world, the theory we make can possibly been thrown away. The observations made in labs are always under pressure of theories. The observations can be rejected if they are not useful, informative or accountable. Evidence can be seen in the effect. For instance, we can see the bulb lights up. It is the effect of the electrons and electrical energy flowing through the wires. If evidence supports the theory, then the theory supports the evidence. If the evidence does not support the theory, then similarly the theory will not support the evidence. If the observable effect has feature X, then the un-observable cause has feature Y.
We then read on Justification As Coherence and put our discussions in the padlet link below. A good justification tells us whether the theory is likely to be true. This can be done by comparing our theory with the information of the world or by comparing it with other theories. The relationship between two theories (our theory and another theory) is known as correspondence. We cannot evaluate it. Coherence on the other hand is an indicator of truth. It means if our theory is coherent with the information in the world or with another existing theory, then our theory is said to be a good one.
We then read on the Objectivity From Within from the Book of Nature and discussed our views in the padlet link below.
The one thing that I would need help in is to understand the Justification In Coherence matter. I think by more reading and doing research on it, I would be able to understand the matter properly.
I would apply this knowledge in the future by teaching my students the importance of knowing how to blur the internal and external virtues. This will help them to carry out scientific process in the right way and understand the role of a scientist better.
I would apply this knowledge in the future by teaching my students the importance of knowing how to blur the internal and external virtues. This will help them to carry out scientific process in the right way and understand the role of a scientist better.
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